International Types and Styles of Citation in Scientific Articles

If you have already decided in which journal to publish your scientific article, the first thing to do is to clarify the technical subtleties and requirements of the resource for design style. This information can be found on the website of the online publication. Article containing errors and does not comply with the style of design, will be returned to the author for revision. This will delay the placement and indexing of the article in the journal.

Various types of citations are used in scientific articles:

1. Direct - quoting a passage from another author's publication verbatim (taken in quotation marks).
2. Mutual - the publication contains references to the work of fellow scientists.
3. Hidden - the application of an idea in one's work without citing the author, but the original source is determined by a chain of citations. It is used when the improved version of the idea is better than the original.
4. Narrative - a summary of the essence of research, development, concept with references to the source(s) of information.
5. Summarizing - integrating other people's materials and sources into your own scholarly work.
6. Quoting from other sources is used when access to the original source is lost, the text is in difficult language, from the author's notes or from the recollections of eyewitnesses.
7. Self-citation - your own scientific articles are cited.

As for citation styles, there are 20 in total. Each field of science has its own citation style. In medicine it is Vancouver Style, in biology and agriculture - Council of Biology Editors (CBE), in humanities - MLA (Modern Language Association), in chemistry and physics - ACS (American Chemical Society), in psychology and social sciences - APA (American Psychological Association), etc.

Using the international MLA style used for formatting scientific publications in the humanities as an example, let us consider the general provisions:

1. The article is printed on 8.5″ x 11″ paper.
2. Articles use double spacing and a readable font, such as Times New Roman with a 12-pin size.
3. After punctuation marks there is only one space.
4. The size of the upper and lower margin is 1″.
5. The red line should be 0.5″ from the left side.
6. The Tab key is used instead of the 5 space bar.
7. The page is numbered in the upper right corner.
8. To emphasize important points, fragments of the article, are used italics.
9. Notes and explanations (if any) are printed on a separate sheet under the heading "Note" in the middle of the page.

By applying MLA recommendations, you will never be accused of plagiarism.